Which motion is used to end a debate on a pending matter?

The motion that is specifically used to end a debate on a pending matter is "Close debate." This motion allows members to bring the discussion to a conclusion, effectively stopping any further debate on the issue at hand. When this motion is passed, the assembly moves directly to a vote on the main motion or issue being discussed.

While "Previous question" is often used interchangeably in practice with "Close debate," in strict parliamentary terms, the "Previous question" requests an immediate vote, whereas "Close debate" indicates the desire to end debate without additional discussion. The other options, such as "Motion to adjourn" and "Motion to recess," serve different purposes focused on ending the meeting or taking a break, rather than concluding a debate on a specific issue. Thus, the clarity of purpose behind "Close debate" makes it the correct choice for this question.