Which term describes matters relevant to the pending question being discussed?

The term that describes matters relevant to the pending question being discussed is "germane." In parliamentary procedure, "germane" specifically refers to amendments or discussions that are directly related to the subject at hand. This concept ensures that any debate or amendment presented is pertinent to the main motion currently being considered, maintaining the focus and coherence of the discussion.

This term is particularly crucial in formal meetings, where staying on topic is important to facilitate clear and effective decision-making. Options like "relevant," "critical," and "significant," while they convey a similar sense of importance, do not have the specific parliamentary connotation that "germane" carries, which is essential for understanding procedural rules and guidelines in meetings. Therefore, "germane" stands out as the most accurate choice in this context.